Embodied energy includes mining raw materials, transporting these to smelters and refineries, smelting and refining them, assembling parts and transporting the final product to the end user. Embodied energy is much greater than the amount of energy that the product will use in its lifespan.

Fresh Questions about Electric Vehicles
by Gary Olhoeft, PhD and Katie Singer

Silicon wafers/manufacturing them for electronics and solar panels
An excerpt from Our Web of Inconvenient Truths

Waste from manufacturing metallurgical-grade silicon
An excerpt from Our Web of Inconvenient Truths

Shipping pollution

Air Cargo: Still the Cinderella of the airline business – CAPA’s top 20 cargo airports  

Health risks of shipping pollution have been ‘underestimated’