Please note that while recycling electronics’ materials is admirable, the vast majority of electronics’ toxic waste is generated during mining, smelting, transporting materials and assembling each product. Also, recycling also generates toxic waste.

Reassembling Rubbish: Worlding Electronic Waste by Dr. Josh Lepawsky, MIT Press, 2018.

Challenging the Chip:Labor Rights and Environmental Justice in the Global Electronics Industry, edited by Ted Smith and David N. Pellow, Temple University Press, 2006. www.svtc.org Silicon Valley Toxics Coalition.

“A New Circular Vision for Electronic Waste: Time for a Global Reboot,” PACE and World Economic Forum, January 2019.

Hodgson, Sam, “Solar panel makers grapple with hazardous waste problem,” Associated Press, Feb. 11, 2013.